Fresh satellite imagery has intensified scrutiny of China’s expanding nuclear infrastructure, with reports indicating major upgrades at mountain-based facilities in Sichuan province. China has rebuilt and expanded sensitive sites in the Zitong and Pingtong valleys between 2022 and 2026, with refurbishment efforts dating back to 2019. At the same time, reports suggest deepening China–Iran defense ties, including alleged shipments of missile-related materials to Tehran and possible talks over advanced air defense systems.