After more than two years of war in Gaza, Israel’s underground campaign is facing an uncomfortable reality. New assessments suggest that a vast portion of Hamas’ tunnel network remains intact beneath Israeli-controlled areas. Once believed to be nearly eliminated, the numbers have shifted again, raising alarms inside Israel’s security establishment. The tunnels, built over decades, continue to enable movement, storage, and command below ground. As the IDF races against time to accelerate destruction, diplomatic pressure and shifting peace plans threaten to complicate the final phase of this shadow war.