Israel and Germany have signed a major security and defence pact, citing growing threats from Iran and its regional proxies including Hezbollah, Hamas, and the Houthis. The agreement expands cooperation in counter-terrorism, intelligence sharing, and cyber defence, coming as Berlin approves a multibillion-dollar expansion of Israel’s Arrow-3 missile defence system—the largest military export deal in Israel’s history. The pact is being viewed as a strong European signal amid escalating unrest in Iran, mounting regional tensions, and warnings from U.S. President Donald Trump over deadly crackdowns on protesters.