As U.S.–Iran tensions escalate, Washington is increasingly leaning on European allies after key Arab partners refused to support any military action against Tehran. With Saudi Arabia and the UAE denying access to their airspace or bases, the spotlight has shifted to the United Kingdom. London has deployed Typhoon fighter jets to Qatar, officially to bolster defensive capabilities, amid fears of Iranian retaliation if the U.S. strikes. The move has fuelled speculation that President Donald Trump is pressing NATO allies to shoulder a greater burden in a potential Iran confrontation, even as Europe remains divided and wary of being dragged into another Middle East war.