As Iran and Israel edge closer to full-scale war, Arab nations are increasingly caught in the middle. A top UAE official, Anwar Gargash, has publicly called for an “urgent end” to the fighting, warning that the conflict threatens to unravel years of regional progress and could lead to a “very dangerous aftermath. Iran, meanwhile, has issued stark warnings to Muslim countries, urging them to support Tehran or risk becoming “retaliation targets.” President Pezeshkian recently extended a so-called “hand of brotherhood” to Islamic nations but behind that message lies pressure on Gulf allies of the U.S. who are wary of Iran’s growing military assertiveness.